Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia - Kurdish Lily
Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia - Kurdish Lily
Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia - Kurdish Lily
Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia - Kurdish Lily
Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia
Kurdish Lily, Thick-leaved Fritillary
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Description
Fritillaria crassifolia ssp crassifolia is a lovely botanical fritillary that blooms in spring in Turkey, on the stony slopes of hills and mountains. This low-growing species is characterised by small pendulous bell-shaped flowers, with a waxy texture, shiny, olive-green in colour, randomly adorned with brown-purple stripes and patches. Very rare in cultivation, although reputed to be relatively cold-resistant, this species is one that the bulblet collector will be proud to own. From its origins, it can be deduced that it thrives in sunny conditions, in an alpine scree, on rather dry limestone substrate in summer and winter.
Fritillaria crassifolia ssp crassifolia (syn. Fritillaria ophioglossifolia) belongs to the Liliaceae family. It is native to an area extending from the southwest to the northeast of Turkey, where it is found growing in loose limestone scree and in earthy steppes, at altitudes ranging from 1500 to 3500 m. It is an alpine to subalpine plant, present in regions with a relatively dry climate in winter and summer.
This fritillary develops from a small bulb 2.5 cm in diameter, sometimes equipped with a few bulblets, which dislikes winter moisture, as well as summer humidity. The foliage emerges from the soil at the end of winter. It consists of 3 to 4 broad, thick, shiny dark green leaves. Flowering occurs in April-May, sometimes in June depending on the climate. From the bulb, a floral stem 10-15 cm in height bearing an umbel of 2 to 4 campanulate bell-shaped flowers, drooping towards the ground emerges. These flowers are wide and long at 4-5 cm, composed of shiny waxy-textured petals. They are greenish or yellowish in colour, marked and paved with brown, and possess a sweetish fragrance. The aerial vegetation of Fritillary crassifolia ssp crassifolia disappears in summer, as the plant enters dormancy. During this time of year, the soil should be rather dry.
This botanical fritillary will find its place in a sunny rockery, alongside other small early spring-flowering bulbs, such as tulips or botanical daffodils. Cultivating in pots in a sandy or stony mix allows it to be sheltered from excess moisture, both winter and summer. The bulb does not tolerate warm and humid growing substrates well: professionals lift the bulbs when the plant enters dormancy and store them in slightly moist perlite or vermiculite, kept in bags stored in the shade.
Fritillaria crassifolia subsp. crassifolia - Kurdish Lily in pictures
Plant habit
Flowering
Foliage
Botanical data
Fritillaria
crassifolia subsp. crassifolia
Liliaceae
Kurdish Lily, Thick-leaved Fritillary
Middle East
Planting and care
Fritillaria crassifolia ssp crassifolia is a rather delicate young plant that thrives in full sun under alpine and mediteranean climates where winters and summers are dry and springs are humid. However, scorching summers are to be feared. Plant it in soil that is both fertile and very well-drained. Plant as soon as possible, from September to October, by adding sand, gravel, or pumice to the planting hole and planting in a rock garden or raised bed (25 cm of elevation is sufficient). Place the bulb at a depth of 10 cm, tilting it slightly so that its heart does not collect rainwater. In winter, we advise you to mulch the fritillary, partly to protect it from the cold, but mainly from excessive moisture. Do not water your fritillaries in summer and winter. If the soil is too dry in spring, water lightly to encourage the bulb to start, but not too much.
The summer dormancy period is also crucial for fritillaries originating from the mountains of the Near East: the bulb must be kept in a substrate that is almost dry, and protected from excessive heat.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.