Common Buckwheat organic seeds - Fagopyrum esculentum
Common Buckwheat organic seeds - Fagopyrum esculentum
Fagopyrum esculentum
Common Buckwheat, Silverhull Buckwheat
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Description
Sow Organic Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) at home, a gluten-free pseudocereal as valuable in the vegetable patch as it is in the orchard. This fast-growing annual offers a multitude of small white or pinkish flowers in summer, loved by bees, followed by edible seeds. Used as green manure, summer groundcover, or for flour, buckwheat finds a place in natural gardens, organic vegetable plots, and permaculture plots. Our seeds are certified organic.
Fagopyrum esculentum belongs to the Polygonaceae family. It is known as common buckwheat, buckwheat, or beech wheat. The most common botanical synonyms are Polygonum fagopyrum, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Fagopyrum vulgare. An annual species, it originates from the foothills of the Himalayas and southwest China (Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan), from where it spread to Asia, then Europe and America.
The plant has an upright, well-branched habit, with hollow stems often tinged with red. It reaches 60 to 100cm high, sometimes over 1.20m in fertile soil. Its growth is very rapid, germinating 8-9 days after sowing in warm soil. The foliage consists of simple, entire, triangular or heart-shaped leaves of variable size, a slightly dull bright green. The inflorescences take the form of dense clusters of small, star-shaped, white to pinkish flowers. They appear 4 to 6 weeks after sowing and continue from July to September depending on the sowing date, offering nectar and pollen to a wide diversity of insects. Each flower produces a small brown to black, triangular achene containing a seed rich in starch and protein, used for 'buckwheat' flour and many traditional recipes. Buckwheat does not tolerate frost but tolerates poor and acidic soils well, explaining its historical importance in mountain or heathland areas of Europe.
In the garden, sow buckwheat in full sun, once the soil exceeds 12°C and all risk of frost has passed, in light, even poor or stony, acidic soil. It is widely used as a green manure in spring or summer to clear a plot, suppress weeds, and improve soil structure before sowing autumn vegetables. It forms a plant cover that protects silty soils from rain capping and sandy soils from leaching.
Sown broadcast around vegetables or in the orchard, buckwheat attracts pollinators and provides food for wildlife. It pairs well with other green manures such as phacelia, crimson clover, or spring vetch. Chop the vegetation before it goes to seed to be incorporated by shallow digging or left in place as mulch.
Green manures can be used in the vegetable garden, but you can also use them on poor, degraded, or compacted soil, before planting a hedge, for example.
The gardener's tip: as with vegetable crops, remember rotations for green manures: do not always sow the same ones in the same place!
Harvest
Plant habit
Foliage
Botanical data
Fagopyrum
esculentum
Polygonaceae
Common Buckwheat, Silverhull Buckwheat
Fagopyrum fagopyrum, Fagopyrum polygonum, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Fagopyrum vulgare, Phegopyrum esculentum
Central Europe, Himalayas, China, West Asia
Annual
Planting and care
Sow organic buckwheat directly in place, in well-warmed soil, from late spring to summer, once all risk of frost has passed.
The soil should be finely prepared and crumbled, without large clods or unwanted weeds. Sow either broadcast for a dense green manure crop, or in rows spaced about 20 to 30cm apart if you are aiming for a seed harvest.
For good ground cover, allow approximately 6 to 8g of seed per m², carefully distributing the seed before covering it with 2cm of soil.
Tamp down with a rake or roller and water with a fine spray to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Germination is rapid in warm soil; simply keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the young plants appear.
After that, care is minimal: a light weeding during the first fortnight is generally sufficient, as buckwheat quickly covers the ground.
Avoid applying nitrogenous fertilisers, which make the stems fragile. Water only in cases of prolonged drought at the start of the growing period; once well-rooted, buckwheat tolerates fairly dry conditions.
As a green manure: mow at the start of full flowering, then leave to dry in place before shallowly digging in or leaving as a mulch. For grain production, monitor weed growth and harvest when the majority of achenes (seeds) have turned brown.
Seedlings
Care
Intended location
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.
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