Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate
Ilex paraguariensis
Brazilian tea, Yerba mate, Paraguay Tea, Jesuit's Tea, South American holly
Received at the end of October, splendid Yerba maté, in a good habit and very well-growing. Potted and sheltered until winter passes, it is responding very well! It's perfect!
Laurrelley, 20/11/2023
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Description
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup® is a rare botany holly in culture, known for the tea that is prepared with its dried leaves. This drink is rich in caffeine. It is globally known as maté, Yerba maté, or Paraguay Tea. It's a large bush or a small evergreen tree that is covered with tough, dark green leaves. Its discreet spring flowering is followed by the formation of small purple berries. Leaves are harvested between May and October, on plants at least 4 to 5 years old. The harvest takes place every 3 years on the same young plant.
Ilex paraguariensis belongs to the Aquifoliaceae family, like other holly. It is also called Jesuits' tea or Brazilian tea. In nature, it is found in mountain forests, not far from streams, at low altitude. Although it can reach 20m (66ft) in height in the wild in its native lands, this holly stays much smaller in our climates, especially if it is pruned regularly or grown in a pot. Its habit is rather upright and its growth quite fast. A plant aged 10 years will reach on average 4.5m (15ft) in height and 2.5 to 3m (8 to 10ft) in width. Over time and in open ground, under favourable growing conditions (soil rich in humus, moist but well-drained), it still reaches 8 to 9m (26 to 30ft) in height. Its hardiness does not exceed -8°C (17.6°F). The glossy dark green foliage is evergreen in winter. It is made up of tough, entire leaves, elliptical in shape, traversed by visible veins. Flowering takes place in spring, in May-June. The flowers are quite insignificant. They are whitish, grouped by 4 in the leaf axil. The inedible fruits measure 5 to 7mm (0.2 to 0.3in) in diameter and are purple-red when ripe.
Hollies are both beloved and little-known plants, like this Yerba maté. It will interest amateurs who wish to discover the plant that hides behind this stimulating drink. It should acclimatise quite easily in soil rich in humus and sheltered from direct sunlight. Cultivation in a large volume pot is possible, for a few years, by repotting or dressing the substrate every year. In a garden, it can keep company with the Tea plant and rhododendrons which appreciate the same atmospheres!
The genus comprises nearly 800 deciduous or evergreen species, usually native to the temperate northern hemisphere. These very ancient plants have experienced the alternating glacial and dry, hot periods of our climate history, making them extremely adaptable and resilient plants. Their white to cream wood is very low in water, even when green. It is dense and heavy, but soft and easy to work in cabinet-making. It is also an excellent fuel for heating, even when green. Finally, its foliage and berries (not edible) are rich in caffeine. A tea is made with its leaves in the Black Forest.
Ilex paraguariensis Garden2cup - Yerba Mate in pictures
Plant habit
Flowering
Foliage
Botanical data
Ilex
paraguariensis
Aquifoliaceae
Brazilian tea, Yerba mate, Paraguay Tea, Jesuit's Tea, South American holly
South America
Planting and care
Add a generous amount of potting soil to compost and incorporate it into your garden soil. This will lightly acidify the soil while fertilising it. If your soil is rich in active limestone, the holly will tend to show chlorosis (the foliage gradually yellows around the veins of the leaf). Choose a semi-shaded or shaded location, as this plant fears direct sunlight especially when young. This holly requires rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water with non-limestone water for the first 3 years to help the bush to settle in. Pay particular attention to watering in summer and during prolonged drought.
It withstands short periods of frost to -8°C (17.6°F).
Pruning is not essential.
If growing in a pot, treat it like a camellia. Choose a large volume pot, pierced at the bottom, with a good bed of drainage. Use a growing substrate rich in leaf compost, which is neutral to slightly acidic. Preferably water with rain water. However, non-limestone water will do.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.
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