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Quercus robur Fastigiata - English Oak

Quercus robur Fastigiata
English Oak, Common Oak, Pedunculate Oak

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A Pedunculate Oak with a narrow but variable habit, forming a dense but more or less regular column, becoming more pyramidal with age. Its marcescent leaves, turning yellow-brown in autumn, remain attached to the tree for part of the winter. This tree, reaching a height of 15-20m (49ft 2in - 65ft 7in) and a width of 3-4m (9ft 10in - 13ft 1in), is suitable for medium to large gardens. It will look superb as a standalone specimen, in a mass planting, in a row, or to create a windbreak. Perfectly adapted to our climate, it requires light, a slightly chalky and fertile soil, and moisture. Good resistance to powdery mildew.
Height at maturity
17.50 m
Spread at maturity
3.50 m
Exposure
Sun
Hardiness
Hardy down to -29°C
Soil moisture
Moist soil
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Best planting time March, October to November
Recommended planting time February to April, September to November
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Flowering time April to May
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Description

Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'  is a beautiful form of the Pedunculate Oak with a columnar habit that should allow this majestic forest inhabitant to fit more easily into a garden. Forming a dense but more or less regular and narrow crown depending on the specimens, the silhouette of this tree widens somewhat over time, without losing any of its splendour. In autumn, its foliage turns yellow-brown, and its browned leaves remain attached to the tree for part of the winter. It will be superb as a standalone specimen, in a mass planting, as a line of trees, or as a hedge to create a windbreak. Perfectly suited to our average climates, the Pedunculate Oak requires light, a deep slightly calcareous, fertile, and moist soil to thrive.

 

The Pedunculate Oak, which is also known by various names depending on the region such as English Oak, Common Oak, or Durmast Oak, belongs to the Fagaceae family. It is native to a large part of temperate Europe. This venerable tree appreciates sub-oceanic to oceanic climates, or continental climates without excessive heat and relatively humid. It is widespread in our plains and low hills, but rare in the southern Alps and Mediterranean region, which are too dry and too hot. In its natural environment, it can reach a height of 50m (164ft) with a spread of 25 to 30m (82 to 98ft 5in), while its trunk can measure up to 2m (6ft 7in) in diameter. With a fairly exceptional lifespan, this oak tree can live up to 2000 years according to some estimates.

The cultivar 'Fastigiata' (also known as 'Pyramidalis') was selected in Germany in 1874. This tree will reach a mature height of approximately 17.50m (57ft 5in) with a spread of 3-4m. The growth rate of this oak is moderately fast. Its habit is fastigiate, well-branched, supported by sturdy branches that are rather upright. The trunk is short and covered with initially green and smooth bark, which later becomes grey, thick, and deeply fissured. Its young branches are glabrous and reddish-brown in colour. The foliage of this variety consists of alternate, soft leaves with variable appearance, ranging from obovate to elongated oval, slightly larger than those of the wild species. The colour of the lamina is dark green in summer, the leaves turn yellow then brown, quite late in autumn, and remain attached to the branches for a few weeks before falling. The flowering of this Fastigiate Oak occurs in April-May, shortly after the emergence of the foliage, on the annual shoots. The female flowers are placed in a cupule carried by a long peduncle: this distinctive feature is the origin of the species name, pedunculata. The male inflorescences are elongated, pendulous catkins, tinged with yellow. They are produced on older branches. The female flowers give way to ovoid and elongated acorns, measuring 1.5 to 3cm (0.6 to 1.2in) in length. They are often grouped in pairs or threes and attached to a long peduncle. A cupule covered with scales covers one-third of the acorn. The colour changes from green to brown at maturity, in September and October. The root system of this tree is deep and powerful, with both a taproot and extensive lateral roots, providing a solid and durable anchorage in deep and compact soils.

 

The Fastigiate Oak, with its slightly unpredictable habit, is a little less suited to our gardens than its clone 'Fastigiata Koster', which is narrower, more regular, and slightly shorter. Nevertheless, it is a very beautiful ornamental tree if you have sufficient space. It can be planted as a standalone specimen at the edge of a large garden open to the countryside, in a row along a wide and large avenue, or in a large grove with other native species. This tree also offers the advantage of producing abundant leaf litter, which is favourable for the growth of certain plants that germinate under its cover. The acorns of this oak tree provide food for small animals such as squirrels and jays.

Quercus robur Fastigiata - English Oak in pictures

Quercus robur Fastigiata - English Oak (Foliage) Foliage
Quercus robur Fastigiata - English Oak (Plant habit) Plant habit

Plant habit

Height at maturity 17.50 m
Spread at maturity 3.50 m
Habit fastigiate, upright
Growth rate normal

Flowering

Flower colour insignificant
Flowering time April to May
Inflorescence Corymb
Bee-friendly Attracts pollinators
Fruit colour green

Foliage

Foliage persistence Marcescent
Foliage colour dark green
Foliage description Deciduous.

Botanical data

Genus

Quercus

Species

robur

Cultivar

Fastigiata

Family

Fagaceae

Other common names

English Oak, Common Oak, Pedunculate Oak

Origin

Cultivar or hybrid

Product reference8733111

Other Oak

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Planting and care

Quercus robur 'Fastigiata' grows in ordinary but deep soil, preferably clayey, slightly calcareous, neutral or slightly acidic. Once established, this tree with deep roots can withstand normal summers and does not require any watering. This oak succeeds almost everywhere, except in coastal areas, the Mediterranean region, and the Southern Alps. It appreciates moist but well-drained soils, where its growth will be faster. It prefers very sunny and open exposures. Place a sturdy stake to help it start, follow the watering instructions, and then let nature take its course. It is a tree that, once established, requires very little maintenance, except for the removal of dead wood. It is not very susceptible to diseases, but it can be affected by powdery mildew.

Planting period

Best planting time March, October to November
Recommended planting time February to April, September to November

Intended location

Suitable for Meadow
Type of use Border, Back of border, Free-standing
Hardiness Hardy down to -29°C (USDA zone 5) Show map
Ease of cultivation Amateur
Planting density 1 per m2
Exposure Sun
Soil pH Neutral, Any
Soil type Clayey (heavy), Clayey-chalky (heavy and alkaline), Silty-loamy (rich and light)
Soil moisture Moist soil, Ordinary, deep soil.

Care

Pruning instructions The pruning of the oak tree is only useful to occasionally limit its spread or to bring some light back to the centre of its silhouette, this pruning work may require the use of dangerous equipment for large subjects. Be careful not to cut too large sections and not to unbalance the habit of the tree.
Pruning Pruning recommended once a year
Pruning time February to March
Soil moisture Moist soil
Disease resistance Good
Overwinter Can be left in the ground

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