Acer palmatum - Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum - Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum
Japanese Maple
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Description
Acer palmatum, also known as the Japanese Maple, is a deciduous small tree with a compact and rounded habit that provides light shade and beautifully filters sunlight through its foliage. Its delicate leaves blaze in autumn, taking on shades ranging from vibrant gold to the deepest blood red. Its venerable and twisted silhouette, and the unique personality that each individual tree carefully cultivates, often inspire it to be grown as a bonsai or as a standalone specimen. This species tolerates heat better than others, but it requires shade and protection from the wind. It appreciates damp, well-drained, humus-rich soils but dislikes limestone.
Originating from China and Japan, the Acer palmatum is a small tree of the Sapindaceae family. It has a compact, rounded habit and low, strong and sinuous branches. It reaches a mature height and spread of about 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 feet), with a relatively slow growth rate. Its delicate fern-like foliage, composed of leaves divided into five to seven dentate lobes, evolves throughout the seasons and varies between individuals. It can display shades of bronze green, tender green, dark purple, golden yellow, scarlet, and vibrant orange from spring to autumn. The same branch can bear leaves with a wide range of hues, and the overall colour may change depending on the viewing angle. In winter, its branches reveal a dark, almost black bark. This species is monoecious, meaning each tree has male and female flowers in different locations. The winged fruits of the Japanese Maple are called samaras.
The venerable and gracefully habit of the Japanese Maple, along with its slow growth, make it a perfect choice for enhancing a small urban garden or the lawn of a contemporary garden. It is the quintessential tree for Oriental and Japanese-inspired settings and an ideal candidate for practicing the art of bonsai. You can pair small specimens with Japanese azaleas and ferns as they thrive in similar environments. In a more woodland setting, it is one of the best companions for rhododendrons, softening their slightly bulky appearance and perfectly showcasing their flowering. Place larger specimens in the background of heather beds. Its light shade will benefit pieris, azaleas, and rhododendrons. At its base, you can create a carpet of bluebells and corydalis, creating a magnificent scene in spring.
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Flowering
Foliage
Plant habit
Botanical data
Acer
palmatum
Sapindaceae
Japanese Maple
Southeast Asia
Planting and care
Sow maple seeds at any time of the year.
In spring:
Sow the seeds in trays, pots, etc. in a special seed compost that you will place in a propagator or a warm location to maintain an optimal temperature of 18 to 20 °C. Plant the seeds at a depth of 6 mm (0in).
For the rest of the year:
After sowing, enclose the pots and trays inside a polythene bag to ensure a humid atmosphere. Maintain a temperature of 20-25 °C for 6 weeks, then place the seedlings in the refrigerator for 8 weeks. After this, gradually increase the temperature to 13°C.
Transplant the young plants when they are large enough to handle into 8 cm (3in) diameter pots. Place them under a cold frame and plant them outside in the following spring or autumn in a sheltered area of the garden. Allow them to grow for 1 to 3 years before transplanting them to their final location, in a slightly shaded area, protected from strong winds, in a damp, well-drained, limestone-free soil.
Sowing period
Intended location
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.