Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn
Crataegus crus-galli
Cockspur Hawthorn, Cockspur Thorn
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Description
The Crataegus crus-galli, also known as the Cockspur Hawthorn or Virginia Hawthorn, is a small tree native to eastern North America. This spiny species is recognised by its thick, glossy leaves that turn beautiful colours in autumn. Its late spring white flowering is followed by the appearance of small edible red fruitssoughtr by birds. This hawthorn is perfect in a defensive or hedgerow hedge when associated with other wild fruit trees, especially in limestone soils.
Originating from an area ranging from Quebec to Louisiana, the Crataegus crus-galli is a small tree that is exceptionally hardy and of medium growth rate. It belongs to the rose family, like its cousin, the hawthorn. It often forms multiple trunks and has a wide and tangled habit over time. Ultimately, this hawthorn can reach a height of 7.50m (25ft) with a spread of 5m (16ft, under optimal conditions. There are two types of branches: long branches with leaves and curved, shiny, sharp thorns measuring 5 to 7cm (2 to 3in), and branches that will bear flowers and then fruits. Their colour varies from reddish-brown to orangish-brown, becoming grey with age. Flowering occurs in May-June, at the same time as the foliage appears. It forms flat clusters (corymbs) composed of small white flowers, five petals, 2cm (1in) in diameter, highly visited by bees. They emit a rather unpleasant odour. After pollination, clusters of globose and shiny fruits measuring 1cm (1in) in diameter, with little flesh, are formed. They ripen in August, gradually changing colour from red to brown. These tiny fruits can remain attached to the branches until winter. Their pulp is edible, with a sweet and tangy flavour. The foliage is deciduous, falling quite late in autumn. The oval-shaped leaves measure 3 to 6cm (1 to 2in) in length and have finely toothed edges. They are arranged alternately on the branches. Their lamina is a shiny dark green on the upper side in summer. These leaves beautifully colour in shades of orange and red before falling.
The Crataegus crus-galli adapts to any neutral to chalky garden soil, even quite dry in summer in a sunny location. Plant this small tree in a natural hedge with other worry-free and wildlife-friendly shrubs such as the common hawthorn, cotoneaster, Amelanchier ovalis, medlar and Goum,
Crataegus crus-galli - Hawthorn in pictures
Plant habit
Flowering
Foliage
Botanical data
Crataegus
crus-galli
Rosaceae
Cockspur Hawthorn, Cockspur Thorn
Crataegus regalis, Crataegus salicifolia
North America
Other Hawthorn Crataegus
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Available in 3 sizes
Available in 3 sizes
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Available in 1 sizes
Available in 1 sizes
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Planting and care
The Crataegus crus-galli is preferably planted in autumn in well-prepared, neutral to chalky, draining soil in a sunny location. It does not tolerate waterlogged or consistently very wet soils. Once well-rooted, this small tree withstands water shortage quite well in summer. To promote growth, water regularly and abundantly, but spaced out. The Virginia hawthorn requires no particular maintenance except for the removal of dead wood every year. This species is susceptible to fire blight, leaf spot diseases, defoliating caterpillars, grey rot, leaf blisters, nematodes, mildew, phytophthora, and thrips.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.