Common or spring vetch - Green manure
Common or spring vetch - Green manure
Vicia sativa
The seeds are mixed with a substrate, so it is difficult to know what one is sowing. Furthermore, I would have preferred to have the net weight of the seeds.
Christine G., 27/08/2018
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Description
The common or cultivated vetch, in Latin Vicia sativa, is a leguminous annual plant cultivated on a large scale as a forage plant, but also used as a green manure between two vegetable crops. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in its roots, helps to loosen the soil, limits weed growth, and prevents soil compaction caused by rain. It is sown from March to June or from July to September in an empty plot in the vegetable garden or raised bed. It should be buried after destruction, from May to August or from October to February depending on the sowing date. Particularly suitable for poor and heavy soils, it is recommended to avoid using this green manure before planting beans, peas, onions, garlic, and shallots.
The vetch has flexible stems with pinnate leaves consisting of several leaflets and ending in a tendril. This tendril allows it to easily cling to supports since the vetch has a climbing habit. The vetch is often sown in association with a cereal crop (such as rye), which serves as a support. Its flowers have an irregular corolla with 5 petals and are violet in color. It produces elongated pods with protein-rich seeds. Thanks to its vigorous growth and extensive coverage, it effectively suppresses the development of weeds. Vetch is suitable for clay soils but is not very frost-resistant.
Widely used in organically cultivated gardens, green manures like vetch have many advantages. They nourish and improve the soil by providing various nutrients and stimulating soil microbial life. Their roots loosen, break up, and aerate the soil. Furthermore, the presence of a vegetative cover protects the soil from leaching (nutrient loss in sandy soil), rain compaction (formation of a crust in loamy soil), and erosion (caused by runoff on sloping terrain during heavy rains). This vegetative cover also helps to limit weed growth by preventing the growth of unwanted plants. Finally, green manures are often attractive to pollinators as they provide nectar and pollen.
Green manures are sown on uncultivated plots or intercalary plots between rows of vegetables. They can be naturally destroyed by frost or by mowing before seed formation. Once destroyed, they can be left in place as mulch, or shredded and incorporated into the top layers of the soil, or collected and added to compost.
Harvest
Plant habit
Foliage
Botanical data
Vicia
sativa
Fabaceae
Western Europe
Annual
Other Green fertilisers
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Planting and care
- Sowing can be done from March to June or from July to September. Vetch is suitable for clay soils, even limestone and quite dry.
- Vetch is sown broadcast on a loosened and loosened soil. Cover the seeds with soil by passing the rake, compact the soil with the back of the rake and water lightly.
- Vetch does not require any particular maintenance during cultivation or watering.
- Vegetation destruction by hoeing: April to July or August to November
- Burying vegetation: May to August or October to February
Seedlings
Care
Intended location
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.