Cannas (Canna indica), also called canna lilies, are exotic perennial plants that add a vibrant splash of colour and striking structure to any garden. Native to tropical regions of the Americas, these plants are prized for their large decorative leaves and their brightly coloured flowers that bloom throughout summer. Their ability to transform a space into a tropical haven makes them particularly desirable for gardeners looking to add an exotic touch to their landscaping.

Cannas in the garden

In the garden, cannas are used for their ability to add a spectacular, colourful touch, as a backdrop to borders or as solitary specimens, thanks to their bright flowers and decorative leaves. The palette of flower colours ranges from scarlet red to bright yellow (Canna 'Yellow Humbert'), through pink (Canna 'Pink President'), orange, and even bicoloured varieties (Canna 'Cleopatra'), not forgetting purple or striate leaves (Canna 'Stuttgart') which add visual interest even when flowers are absent. Cannas adapt well to in-ground cultivation in warm regions or to growing in pots, allowing them to be moved to protect rootstocks from frost in colder areas.

canna exotica
Exotic appeal of Cannas lies in their flowering, warm hues and lush foliage

When to plant ?

Ideal time to plant cannas is spring, after risk of frost has passed. This gives them the whole summer to grow vigorously and flower profusely. In colder areas, you can start to grow them indoors about 4 to 6 weeks before last frost, then transplant outdoors when weather allows.

Where to plant ?

Cannas thrive in full sun, in positions receiving at least 6 to 8 hours of direct light per day. They prefer rich, moist but well-drained soil. A site sheltered from strong winds is also recommended, as their large leaves can be damaged by heavy gusts. Consider planting them near a water feature, such as a pond or fountain, where their reflection will add to the tropical effect, or at edge of borders for maximum visual impact.

canna planted near water feature
Mass-planted Cannas are spectacular at the edge of a water feature

Detailed steps for planting

  • Soil preparation : Loosen soil to a depth of at least 30 cm and incorporate compost or well-rotted manure to enrich soil with organic matter.
  • Planting the rootstocks : Plant canna rootstocks about 5 cm deep, with the eyes (points of growth) facing upwards. Space them 40 to 50 cm apart to allow optimal development.
  • Initial watering : Water generously after planting to establish good contact between rootstocks and soil. Continue to water regularly, keeping soil slightly moist, especially during dry periods.
  • Mulching : Apply a layer of mulch around plants to conserve soil moisture, reduce weeds and maintain a stable soil temperature.
  • Support : In exposed or windy areas, staking may be necessary to prevent wind damage.

If you want to know more about cannas, read Canna lily: planting, growing and care.

where to plant cannas
In pots or in the garden, take care with planting for generous flowering in summer!

Necessary equipment

  • Spade, digging fork, hoe : For soil preparation and planting.
  • Watering can or hose : For a generous initial watering and regular watering thereafter.
  • Mulch : To conserve moisture and protect the plants.
  • Stake (facultative) : For supporting plants in windy areas.