Ravenala madagascariensis - Traveller's palm
Ravenala madagascariensis - Traveller's palm
Ravenala madagascariensis - Traveller's palm
Ravenala madagascariensis
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Description
Le Ravenala madacascariensis, connu sous son nom d'Arbre du voyageur, est une magnifique plante tropicale, exotique à souhait, emblématique de l'île de Madagascar et cultivée dans toutes les zones tropicales du monde pour l'ornement des jardins. Cette plante arborescente possède une silhouette reconnaissable entre toutes, avec un faux tronc qui supporte de longues feuilles pennées semblables à celles de certains bananiers, mais parfaitement disposées en éventail, dans un même plan. Dans de bonnes conditions, les plantes âgées offrent une belle floraison blanc-crème qui évoque beaucoup celle de l'oiseau du paradis Strelitzia alba. Cette plante gélive ne pourra être plantée en pleine terre que dans les emplacements extrêmement abrités de la zone de l'oranger. Ailleurs, elle se cultive en bac, pour être remisée dans la véranda ou dans la serre de septembre jusqu'à la mi-mai.
Le Ravenala madascariensis appartient à la famille des Strelitziacées (les oiseaux-de-Paradis), c'est aussi un lointain cousin des bananiers et des gingembres. Il est originaire de Madagascar, où il pousse dans des terres sableuses ou caillouteuses, très humides en profondeur. C'est une plante arborescente et non un arbre, comme les palmiers ou les bananiers : il ne produit pas de vrai tronc, mais un stipe. Il doit son nom d'arbre du voyageur à sa capacité à stocker l'eau, sa sève abondante est potable, et facile à extraire d'un coup de machette. En revanche, l'eau de pluie qui s'accumule à la base de ses feuilles, parfois croupie, est surtout utile à quelques petits animaux tels que les batraciens, les coléoptères, ainsi que des moustiques. Dans la nature, le Ravenala développe un stipe dépassant 10 m de hauteur et se dresse à 20 m du sol. À Madagascar, la pollinisation des fleurs est assurée par les lémuriens et les chauves-souris.
Cultivé dans un grand bac, l'arbre du voyageur ne dépasse que rarement 3 m de haut, encore moins s'il est installé dans un pot de volume inférieur. Il est à peu près aussi large que haut. Son stipe est de couleur brune. Il supporte de vastes feuilles pouvant mesurer 3 m de long pour les plantes installées en pleine terre, découpées en de nombreux segments retombants de chaque côté de la nervure centrale. Elles sont disposées en éventail, dans un même plan. Leur base en forme de coupe retient l'eau de pluie. Les pétioles des feuilles sont bien serrés, de couleur foncée, colorés d'orange en bordure, et couverts d'une cire blanchâtre. Ils sont plus longs que les limbes des feuilles. Lorsqu'il fleurit, cet arbre du voyageur produit de grandes fleurs blanches, très originales, composées de 3 sépales, 3 pétales et 6 étamines, contenues dans des spathes mesurant 15 à 20 cm de long. À Madagascar, la floraison commence en septembre. Les fruits ressemblent un peu à des bananes dures, ils contiennent de nombreuses graines entourées de fibres d'un bleu intense.
Le Ravenala madagascariensis est une magnifique plante de véranda ou de serre chauffée. Cette plante ne doit manquer ni de lumière, ni de chaleur, ni de place, d'eau, ni de nourriture en période de croissance. On peut aisément créer un décor exotique autour de lui, en adoptant à un strelitzia, des cannas et das bananiers, du Ricin, des gingembres, et un petit palmier tel que le Sabal minor par exemple. Dans les jardins les plus abrités de la Côte d'Azur, on peut tenter sa culture en pleine terre, avec des arrosages réguliers en été, et moyennant une bonne protection hivernale.
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Ravenala madagascariensis - Traveller's palm in pictures
Flowering
Foliage
Plant habit
Botanical data
Ravenala
madagascariensis
Strelitziaceae
Madagascar
Planting and care
Ravenala madascariensis is a tropical plant, very tender, which does not tolerate frost. It can only be grown in the ground in the most sheltered gardens of the French Riviera. Fortunately, its cultivation in pots is quite easy, allowing the plant to be stored frost-free in winter, in a bright, cool, and well-ventilated area, provided you have enough space once the plant reaches its mature size. Very large plants, which are difficult to move, can remain year-round in a conservatory or greenhouse. Plant it in fertile soil, rich in organic matter, moist throughout the growth period and in a location sheltered from the wind. Position your Traveller's tree in full sun, preferably facing South. It thrives in moist but well-drained soil. It needs plenty of light and full sun to develop harmoniously. In winter, when planted in the ground, wrap the plant in horticultural fleece to gain a few precious degrees, and cover the base with a thick mulch. Watering should be regular and plentiful in summer, more moderate in winter.
Container cultivation:
Use a large pot with holes in the bottom. Add a 5 cm layer of clay pebbles or pot shards to facilitate the drainage of water. Create a mixture of potting compost and garden compost, and place your container in a very bright room, not too heated in winter. A few hours of full sun per day are essential to induce flowering, but beware of the harsh midday sun behind glass. Filter the light to avoid scorching the foliage. Move your plant outdoors from May to September.
Water regularly during the growth period. Never let water stagnate in the saucer. During the rest period, place the plant in a bright and cool room (around 13°C) and water moderately.
A very large plant, impossible to repot, will benefit from a top-dressing of potting compost and garden compost once a year, in spring.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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The flowering period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, etc.)
It will vary according to where you live:
- In zones 9 to 10 (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), flowering will occur about 2 to 4 weeks earlier.
- In zones 6 to 7 (Germany, Poland, Slovenia, and lower mountainous regions), flowering will be delayed by 2 to 3 weeks.
- In zone 5 (Central Europe, Scandinavia), blooming will be delayed by 3 to 5 weeks.
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions located in USDA zone 8 (France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands).
It will vary according to where you live:
- In Mediterranean zones (Marseille, Madrid, Milan, etc.), autumn and winter are the best planting periods.
- In continental zones (Strasbourg, Munich, Vienna, etc.), delay planting by 2 to 3 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 2 to 4 weeks in autumn.
- In mountainous regions (the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, etc.), it is best to plant in late spring (May-June) or late summer (August-September).
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.