Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana
Virginian Witch Hazel, American Witch Hazel, Snapping Hazel Nut, Spotted Alder, Winter Bloom
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Description
Hamamelis virginiana, commonly known as Witch Hazel, is a North American botanical species that stands out from other witch hazels for its early flowering, which can be enjoyed as early as autumn. One of the first to bloom in the garden, this witch hazel offers a distinctly bright yellow flowering that is pleasantly fragrant, as its foliage begins to fall. Its fruiting, also yellow, makes it a subject covered in gold at the end of the season. This bush brightens up autumn in large hedges and woodlands. Plant it in any exposure, preferably in a humus-rich and moist soil.
Hamamelis virginiana is native to a vast area ranging from Canada to southern Texas. Hamamelis belong to the witch hazel family, which also includes Loropetalum, Liquidambar, and Persian Ironwood, all of which invariably display foliage in fantastic colours. The Virginian witch hazel has a moderately fast growth rate and an average lifespan. Eventually, it forms a large, vigorous bush, with an upright habit during its youth, then becoming more spreading, with ascending branches. Its typical dimensions are approximately 4m (13ft) in height and 3.50m (11ft) in spread. Its deciduous foliage is composed of dentate or lobed leaves, 8 to 15cm (3 to 6in) long, resembling hazelnut leaves. They are a fairly light green on top, pubescent underneath, and turn golden yellow in autumn before falling. Its flowers are highly fragrant and a brilliant yellow. They bloom on the branches from October to November. Each flower consists of elongated petals, 2cm (1in) long, curiously crumpled, almost claw-like, resembling witch fingers. They are clustered together and visited by the last bees in search of nectar. After pollination, decorative fruits form in lignified capsules, 1.2cm (1in) in diameter, which turn yellow at maturity.
Hamamelis virginiana prefers soils rich in humus, low in limestone, and consistently moist and light. Partial shade exposure suits it perfectly, but it is very tolerant in this regard. Plant it on the edge of woodlands, under the cover of large trees, in a large free hedge. To accompany it, choose, for example, cornus (Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, flowering dogwoods), or Davidia. It will also be magnificent in a border, combined with evergreen shrubs such as an autumn camellia or a large rhododendron if your soil and climate permit. At its base, you can plant, among others, winter heathers, heucheras, or even hellebores.
Hamamelis virginiana - Virginian Witch Hazel in pictures
Plant habit
Flowering
Foliage
Planting and care
To fully enjoy the beauty of your Hamamelis virginiana, plant it in such a way that it stands out against a dark background of evergreen foliage. A partially shaded exposure would be ideal, preferable to scorching sunlight. It should be grown in slightly acidic soil (ericaceous soil), or at least in non-calcareous soil enriched with leaf compost.
Tip: Hamamelis are sensitive to calcareous soils, which they indicate by the summer yellowing of their leaves, followed by reduced flowering. To facilitate its growth, incorporate peat soil during planting. The soil should remain moist, even in summer. Mulching around the base of the plant will help maintain moisture.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.
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