Firmiana simplex - Chinese Parasol Tree

Discover Firmiana simplex, a medium-sized tree that is truly unique. Originally from Asia, this Chinese parasol tree brings an exotic touch to the garden with its large deciduous leaves resembling a fig tree. Its spring flowers and fruits also contribute to its decorative aspect. It is only moderately cold-resistant so can be grown in open ground only in mild climates. Plant it in full sun or partial shade, sheltered from the wind. Elsewhere, plant it in a pot and keep it in a cold greenhouse for the winter.

From the mallow family, Firmiana simplex is native to the region from Vietnam to Japan. It is extensively cultivated in China, where its light and very hard wood is used in the manufacturing of certain musical instruments. Its genus name is derived from Karl Joseph von Firmian (1716-1782), director of the botanical garden of Padua in the 18th century. It is known by various botanical names, including Sterculia platanifolia, Firmiana platanifolia, or Hibiscus simplex.

The Chinese parasol tree forms a tall tree with a rounded crown that can reach 10 to 15 m in height and 8 to 10 m in width. Its smooth bark, initially green, turns grey over time. It is particularly appreciated for its lush foliage. Its alternate leaves are divided into 3 to 7 lobes and can reach 25 to 45 cm in width. They are carried by long petioles. They are dark green, turning yellow in autumn before falling. They resemble the palmate leaves of the plane tree. In May-June, terminal panicles of yellow-green flowers, about 20 to 30 cm long, appear. They are slightly fragrant and attract pollinating insects. They are followed, in autumn, by particularly decorative fruits. These are dehiscent capsules, about 10 to 12 cm long, pinkish ochre, releasing brownish seeds when ripe.

Moderately hardy (-10°C), the Chinese parasol tree can be planted in the garden only in mild climates. In less favourable regions, grow it in a container and overwinter in a cold greenhouse (frost-free). If you can plant it in the garden, it will be magnificent, planted as a standalone specimen on a lawn or as an avenue tree. It is also an excellent shade tree.
Pair it with other trees with luxuriant foliage, and you can recreate a "Jungle" atmosphere. Consider the hardy banana, Musa basjoo, Fatsia japonica 'Spider's Web' with its large variegated leaves, or Tetrapanax papyrifera 'Rex', which can be planted at the forefront of the flower bed.