Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
Eupatorium perfoliatum
American boneset, Indian ague weed, March sage, Wild sage, Feverwort, Thoroughwort, Gravel root, Joe Pye Weed
Very beautiful flowering in the spring. Rapid development from the first year, abundant flowering.
Nicolas, 01/11/2023
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Description
Eupatorium perfoliatum is a robust perennial with creamy white corymbs and a slight vanilla scent. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, it is also known as American boneset, Indian ague weed, March sage, Wild sage, Feverwort or Thoroughwort.
Native to North America, it gets its name from the arrangement of its leaves on the stem, distinguishing it from other species of Eupatorium. The leaves are lanceolate, opposite, and sessile, meaning they are directly attached to the stem without a petiole. They are deciduous, green-grey in colour, and pubescent on the lower surface. The plant bears its flower heads assembled in corymbs on robust, pubescent stems, reaching over 1 meter in height, giving it an upright and bushy habit. Smaller in stature than other species, it still reaches 40 cm (16in) in width. The corymb heads can reach 10 cm (4in) in diameter, resembling creamy pompons with a slightly fuzzy appearance. Eupatorium perfoliatum flowers have a vanilla scent.
The late flowering adds charm to a garden throughout the summer until the end of October. It retains its decorative aspect in winter thanks to its seed heads which are topped with small fluffy crests that disperse with the wind. An easy plant to grow, it is resistant to insects and diseases. It is also an extraordinary pollinating plant, especially for bees and butterflies. Hardy, it can withstand temperatures down to -15°C (5°F). It is also a plant called a bio-indicator: in its natural state, it prefers to grow on damp or even wet terrain. It thus indicates a certain degree of soil moisture. It can be planted it by the edge of a pond. It adapts to all types of soil, but prefers moist, rich, and well-drained soils. It will be superb in a wild garden as a groundcover on the edge of a planting bed, accompanied in the background by the larger species, Eupatorium cannabinum Plenum with double flowers. Prune the stems in autumn to maintain a very compact habit.
The name Eupatorium is derived from the Persian emperor Mithridates Eupator, who boasted of surviving poison ingestion thanks to a powerful antidote. However, it is hard to say with certainty whether the antidote in question was truly Eupatorium or Agrimonia, two plants with strong similarities.
More precisely, Eupatorium perfoliatum is used in Native American pharmacology. Its various nicknames reflect the number of ailments the plant is reputed to cure e,g, American boneset, as it is supposed to treat bone pain or Gravel root, as it dislodges kidney stones. It has mainly been used for its medicinal properties to reduce fevers and fight infections, including malaria. The list is not exhaustive. English speakers affectionately refer to all eupatoriums as Joe Pye Weed. One of the legends surrounding this nickname comes from the distortion of the name of an Indian doctor, who successfully treated people with typhus using Eupatorium perfoliatum. The plant is also widely used in homeopathy.
Eupatorium perfoliatum in pictures
Flowering
Foliage
Plant habit
Botanical data
Eupatorium
perfoliatum
Asteraceae
American boneset, Indian ague weed, March sage, Wild sage, Feverwort, Thoroughwort, Gravel root, Joe Pye Weed
North America
Planting and care
This is a plant called an indicator: in its natural state, it tends to thrive on damp or even wet ground. It thus indicates a certain level of soil moisture. It adapts to all types of soils, but it definitely prefers them to be damp, rich, and well-drained.
Planting period
Intended location
Care
Planting & care advice
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Hardiness is the lowest winter temperature a plant can endure without suffering serious damage or even dying. However, hardiness is affected by location (a sheltered area, such as a patio), protection (winter cover) and soil type (hardiness is improved by well-drained soil).
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In temperate climates, pruning of spring-flowering shrubs (forsythia, spireas, etc.) should be done just after flowering.
Pruning of summer-flowering shrubs (Indian Lilac, Perovskia, etc.) can be done in winter or spring.
In cold regions as well as with frost-sensitive plants, avoid pruning too early when severe frosts may still occur.
The harvesting period indicated on our website applies to countries and regions in USDA zone 8 (France, England, Ireland, the Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...) fruit and vegetable harvests are likely to be delayed by 3-4 weeks.
In warmer areas (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), harvesting will probably take place earlier, depending on weather conditions.
The sowing periods indicated on our website apply to countries and regions within USDA Zone 8 (France, UK, Ireland, Netherlands).
In colder areas (Scandinavia, Poland, Austria...), delay any outdoor sowing by 3-4 weeks, or sow under glass.
In warmer climes (Italy, Spain, Greece, etc.), bring outdoor sowing forward by a few weeks.
The planting period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a (East Coast and Midlands: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Portlaoise). It will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the north-west (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal, Westport), delay planting by 1 to 2 weeks in spring and bring it forward by 1 to 2 weeks in autumn compared to the dates given, preferably choosing periods without strong winds.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (Wicklow Mountains, Macgillycuddy’s Reeks, Connemara, Killarney), it is best to plant in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–October), avoiding periods of waterlogged soil in winter and strong winds, which pose the main risk to newly planted trees in these areas.
The flowering period indicated on our website applies to regions in USDA Zone 9a, such as the East Coast and Midlands, including Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Portlaoise.
This will vary depending on where you live:
- On the west coast and in the northwest (Galway, Limerick, Sligo, Donegal and Westport), it will be delayed by one to two weeks compared to the given dates, due to stronger Atlantic winds and less spring sunshine.
- In the inland hills and plateaus (the Wicklow Mountains, the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, Connemara and Killarney), flowering will be delayed by two to three weeks. Flowering mainly occurs between May and July, with the limiting factors being less frost and more of the excessive humidity, strong winds and lack of sunshine that are characteristic of these areas.