Papaver somniferum nigrum - Poppy Seeds

Papaver somniferum var. nigrum, the black or opium poppy, is a beautiful annual. In summer it rises above ornamental silver-green foliage, with charming purple flowers marked with violet in the centre. Measuring 6 to 7 cm (2 to 3in) wide, they are perched on tall and sturdy stems. It is a lovely annual that will self-seed freely in the garden, giving it a romantic meadow-like feel. The dried seed capsules make beautiful bouquets, since the fresh flowers fade quickly once cut.

This natural variety of opium poppy belongs to the Papaveraceae family. The plant develops long leafy stems that reach up to 1m (3ft) or more in height when in bloom. The slightly thick foliage has silver reflections that enhance the flowering. The poppy is purple with a very dark centre. At the end of flowering, beautiful capsules appear, characteristic of opium poppies. Very decorative in the garden or as dried bouquets, they are filled with small black seeds that take on slate blue reflections when dried. These edible seeds are used in pastry, bakery, and also to make opium poppy oil, rich in vitamin E, which can be used, depending on the pressing method, to season raw vegetables or for oil painting!

This annual poppy, easy to sow and cultivate, looks stunning when planted in large numbers along pathways, in flowerbeds, or in the borders of the vegetable garden. It thrives in relatively poor, light soils and prefers sunny locations. Like all opium poppies, the Papaver somniferum var. nigrum has a tap root that does not tolerate transplantation well, which is why it is preferable to sow them in place. Poppy seeds should be preferably harvested in dry weather. Do not rush, and wait for the seeds to be fully ripe before simply shaking the capsules over a bowl. Poppy seeds can be stored in a bag or jar when free from moisture. Once established, the opium poppy will self-seed spontaneously. Feel free to leave the dried capsules in place in the garden, as they are also very aesthetic.

Did you know?

Do not confuse this poppy with its white cousin, Papaver somniferum album, the better known Opium Poppy. It is differentiated by the colour of its seeds (white) but also by its stupefying characteristics! In many countries, its cultivation is regulated and reserved for the pharmaceutical industry, for the production of morphine.